Typical Heat Treatment Defects of Gears and Solutions Using FEA Modeling
Steel gears are heat treated to obtain enhanced properties and improved service performance. Quench hardening is one of the most important heat treatment processes...
Troubleshooting and Prevention of Cracking in Induction Hardening of Steels: Lessons Learned –...
One of the most common applications of induction heat treatment is the hardening of steels, cast irons, and powder-metallurgy materials, developing an attractive blend...
Enhanced Properties of 17-7 PH Stainless Steel
Background
Precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steel grade 17-7 PH is classified as a semiaustenitic stainless steel used extensively in aerospace and finding new applications in the...
Controlling Distortion in Heat Treatment Through Press Quenching
Introduction
Press quenching is a specialized quenching technique that may be utilized to minimize the distortion of complex geometrical components during heat treatment1. Distortion is...
High-efficiency gas burners make good economic sense
Even though the price of natural gas is currently low, the investment in high-efficiency gas burners makes sense economically. This article discusses different types...
The versatility of the pit furnace
Top-loading furnaces, commonly referred to as pit furnaces, have played a major role in the heating treating landscape for the last century or longer....
Induction hardening of cast irons
The success in induction hardening of cast irons and repeatability of obtained results are greatly affected by a potential variation of matrix carbon content.
Understanding the Cooling Curve Test
When a hot component comes in contact with the liquid quenchant, there are normally three stages of quenching. There are exceptions to this, which...
Efficient Gas Heating of Industrial Furnaces
There are various types of high-efficiency gas burners and radiant tubes currently on the market, and economic tools can be used to assess investments...
Gas carburization techniques
A comparison of conventional and accelerated methods for surface hardening
An In-Depth Look at Polymer Quenchants
Quenching of various alloys to achieve mechanical properties has been an area of scientific research for many years. Using polymer quenchants has proven to...
Quenching: A long and varied history
There have been many myths concerning the quenchants used by ancient blacksmiths in the heat treatment of swords and knives. Various liquids have been...
Reducing measurement error when making thermocouple transmitter connections
The thermocouple (TC) is a thermo-electric device used to measure temperature and nearly two-thirds of U.S. temperature measurement makes use of thermocouples. Most industrial...
Computerized Design of Straight Bevel Gears with Optimized Profiles for Forging, Molding, or 3D...
Straight-tooth bevel gears are the simplest type of bevel gears that can be used for power transmission between intersecting shafts. They are commonly referred...
Gas vs. Liquid Quenching: A Direct Comparison in Hardenability to Reduce Distortion
Introduction
Hardenability is the ability of steel to partially or completely transform from austenite to some fraction of martensite at a given depth below the...
Advantages of wire-arc additive manufacturing
The concept of additive manufacturing has been around for a century, but with the advent of sophisticated software and robotics, the process is fast...
Improving the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel
Quenching is one of the major processes of heat treatment of medium carbon steel that aims at improving its mechanical properties. However, the effectiveness...
Selecting the correct industrial ovens for finishing applications
Finishing is defined as “completing the manufacture or decoration of a material or product by giving it an attractive surface appearance.” In industrial applications,...
Stress Generation in an Axle Shaft during Induction Hardening
Introduction
Induction hardening of steel components offers a fast heating rate, high efficiency, and the ability to heat locally. Induction hardening is a highly nonlinear...
Infrared Temperature Measurement Theory and Application
An infrared thermometer measures temperature by detecting the infrared energy emitted by all materials at temperatures above absolute zero, (zero degrees Kelvin). The most...
The Advantages of an All-Metal Vacuum Furnace Hot Zone
For more than 70 years, the vacuum furnace has been available for metal processing requirements, and is widely accepted as the ideal equipment for...
Hardening of Powder Metallurgy Parts 101
Powder metallurgy (PM) is unique in that one has the ability to create a process system (alloy, process steps, and secondary operations) specific to...
How Gears Fail
Heat treatment plays an important — some would say critical — role in gear manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to better understand, from...
Recent progress in three areas of induction-heating technology
This paper introduces recent research progress of induction heating technology at Baosteel, specifically the development of full coil static induction heating technology of the...
Heat Treatment of Large Components
Large gear components can be offered in many applications such as marine, wind power, steel rolling mills, power plants, transportation, railroad, aircraft, cement crushers,...
Using the correct thermocouple
The principles behind how and why a thermocouple functions were beginning to be understood in the early 1800s with most significant developments taking place...
Gas Nitriding of Titanium
Interest in solution gas nitriding and diffusion of nitrogen into the surface of titanium alloys as a means to inhibit adhesive wear (galling) while...
Temperature sensor selection: The basics of temperature measurement using thermocouples
You are probably somewhat familiar with the thermocouple, or you wouldn’t be reading this article. But there are important points about thermocouples that must...
Carburizing and Nitriding Treatment Modeling
(Photo courtesy of Advanced Heat Treat Corp.)
Carburizing and nitriding treatments have the same goal: increase hardness on the surface while keeping the core ductility....
Filament-Wound Composites Have Specialized Curing Requirements
Filament winding is a manufacturing method for making tubular and cylindrical shapes of extreme strength and light weight. The technology involves wrapping a mandrel...
Case Hardening Basics: Nitrocarburizing vs. Carbonitriding
Confusion surrounding the case-hardening techniques of nitrocarburizing and carbonitriding prove the point that it's easy to get lost in the nomenclature behind heat-treating processes.
That...
Induction Heat Treating: How to Shorten the Time to Production
In an increasingly competitive world, it is good to pause and ask: How can we do our work faster, better, and use fewer resources?...
Producing Quality Parts in an Atmosphere Furnace: How to Optimize Your Quenching and...
Throughout the manufacturing process, heat treatment is consistently viewed as a critical step for adding value to the parts produced. A part expensively manufactured...
Maintenance Procedures for Vacuum Furnaces
More gear manufacturers need to add vacuum furnace machines to the shop floor and include this procedure in the overall manufacturing process. As vacuum...
Tooth-by-Tooth Induction Hardening of Gears (and How To Avoid Some Common Problems)
Tooth-by-tooth induction hardening of gears is a complex process. Variations of any of kind may be sufficient to cause the process to run out...
Sintering experiments under way on International Space Station
Gravity is a nonuniform stress that influences sintering densification, microstructure evolution, final properties, and dimensional uniformity. An early conjecture was that in the absence...
Case Study: Laser Hardening
To increase the hardness of a steel material, there are basically three required steps in the hardening process. Step one is to heat the...
Reducing Gear Size for Compact Transmission Design by Selecting Steel Grade and Heat Treatment...
Gears are the most important components for transmissions. In many situations, the size of a transmission design needs to be reduced without decreasing power...
Benefits of graphite and C/C fixturing
More heat-treating engineers are making the switch to graphite fixturing using carbon composite materials.
Principles of pyrometry
Regarding comprehension, on a scale of 1 to 10, AMS2750E is about a 12. Practically speaking, when an engineer, quality person, or operator picks...
